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January 30
President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor.
February 27
Reichstag burns; Decree issued overriding all guarantees of
freedom.
March 22
Dachau concentration camp established.
April 1
Nazi proclaim a general boycott of all Jewish owned businesses.
April 7
Laws for Reestablishment of Civil Service barred Jews from
holding civil service, university and state positions as well as
denied admission to the bar
April 26
Gestapo established.
May 10
Public burning of books written by Jews, political dissidents,
communists and other opponents of Nazism
July 14
Law stripping East European Jewish immigrants of German
citizenship.
September 1
First Nuremburg Nazi Party rally
October 3
Germany resigns form the League of Nations and the Geneva
Disarmament Conference.
December 1
Hitler declares the legal unity of the German state and Nazi
party
1934
January
Germany signs a nonaggression pact with Poland.
June27
Night of the Long Knives. Death of Ernst Rohm.
August 2
Death of Hindenburg. Hitler becomes Head of State and Commander
in Chief of the Armed Forces.
January
Saarland returned to Germany
March
Hitler institutes military conscription in defiance of the
Versailles Treaty.
June
Anglo-German Naval Treaty signed.
Summer
Juden Verbuten (No Jews) signs increase in numbers outside towns,
villages, restaurants and stores.
July 26
Bremen incident; Nazi flag to become the German national flag.
September 15
Reichstag passes anti-Semitic “Nuremburg Laws.” Jews no
longer considered German citizens; could not marry Aryans or fly the
German flag.
November 15
Germany defines a “Jew” as anyone with three Jewish
grandparents or someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as
a Jew.
1936
March 3
Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German
institutions.
March 7
Germany remilitarizes and occupies the Rhineland.
June 17
Himmler appointed the Chief of German Police.
October 25
Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin Axis.
November 25
Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comentern Pact.
1937
July 16
Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens.
1938
March 13
Anschluss or union with Austria. A priority of Hitler to have
Austria join with Germany Austrian government was bullied in to this
union, though some Austrians wanted it.
April 26
Mandatory registration of all property held by Jews inside the
Reich.
July 6
International conference at Evian, France fails to provide refuge
for German Jews.
August
Adolph Eichmann establishes the Office of Jewish Emigration in
Vienna to increase the pace of forced emigration.
September 29
Munich Conference: Great Britain and France agree to German
occupation of the Sudetenland section of Czechoslovakia.
October 15
Germans mark all Jewish passports with a large letter “J.”
November 7
Herschel Grynszpan, whose parents were deported from Germany to
Poland, assassinates Ernest von Roth, Third Secretary of the
GermanEmbassy in Paria
November 9
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), anti-Semitic riots in
Germany, Austria, and Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed and 7,500
Jewish shops looted.
November 12
26,000 Jews are arrested and sent to concentration camps November
15 Jewish students are expelled from German schools.
December 12
One billion mark fine levied against German Jews for the
destruction of property during Kristallnacht.
December 13
Decree on “Aryanization” is enacted. Compulsory
expropriation of Jewish industries, businesses, and shops.
January 30
Hitler in Reichstag speech, “If war erupts it will mean the
Vernichtung (extermination) of European Jews.”
March 15
Germany occupies the remainder of Czechoslovakia.
July 26
Adolph Eichmann is placed in charge of the Prague branch of
the Jewish
Emigration Office.
August 23
Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact signed: nonaggression treaty between
Germany and Soviet Union.
September 1
Germany invades Poland.
September 3
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
September 17
Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland.
September 21
Heydrich issues directives to establish ghettos in
German-occupied Poland.
October 12
First deportation of Jews from Austria and Moravia to Poland.
October 28
First Polish ghetto established.
November 23
Wearing of Judenstern (yellow six pointed Star of David) is made
compulsory throughout occupied Poland.
April 9
Germany invades Denmark and Norway
April 30
Lodz Ghetto sealed: 165,000 people in 1.6 square miles.
May 10
Germany invades Holland, Belgium, and France.
May 22
Auschwitz concentration camp established.
June 4
British army evacuates its forces from Dunkirk, France.
June 22
France surrenders to Germany
September 27
Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis is established.
November 15
Warsaw Ghetto sealed: contains 500,000 people.
January 21-26
Anti-Jewish riots in Romania
March 17
Adolph Eichmann appointed head of the department for Jewish
affairs of the Reich Main Security Office, Section II B4.
April 6
Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece.
June 22
Germany invades the Soviet Union.
July 8
Wearing the Jewish star in the German occupied Baltic States is
required.
July 31
Heydrich is appointed by Goring to carry out the “Final
Solution” (extermination of all Jews in Europe).
September 15
Wearing of the Jewish star is decreed throughout the Greater
Reich.
September 23
First experiments with gassing are made at Auschwitz.
September 28/29
35,000 Jews are massacred at Babi Yar outside Kiev.
October 8
Establishment of Auschwitz II (Berkenau) for extermination of
Jews, Gypsies, and Slavic people.
October 10
Thereseinstadt Ghetto in Czechoslovakia is established.
October 14
Deportation of German Jews begins.
October 23
Massacre in Odessa: 34,000 killed.
October 24
Massacre in Kiev: 34,000 killed.
November 6
Massacre in Rovno: 15,000 killed.
December 7
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
December 8
U.S. declares war on Japan. Chelmo extermination camp on the Ner
River in Poland is opened. Massacre in Riga: 27,000 killed.
December 11
Germany declares war on U.S.
December 22
Massacre in Vilna: 32,000 killed.
January 20
Wannsee Conference on Nazi “Final Solution of the Jewish
Question.” Heydrich outlines plan to murder Europe’s
Jews.
January 21
Unified resistance organization established in Vilna.
March 17
Extermination program begins in Belzec; by the end of 1942,
600,000 Jews will have been murdered.
June 1
Treblinka Extermination camp opens. Wearing of Jewish star is
decreed in Nazi occupied France and Holland.
July 22
300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto are deported to Treblinka.
July 28
Jewish resistance organization is established in the Warsaw
Ghetto.
October 17
Allied nations pledge to punish Germany for the policy of
genocide.
January 18
Jews in Warsaw Ghetto launch uprising against Nazi deportations.
Fighting lasts four days.
February 2
German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad. This marks the war’s
turning point.
April 19
Warsaw Ghetto revolt begins as Germans attempt to liquidate
70,000 inhabitants.
May 16
Warsaw Ghetto liquidated.
June 11
Himmler orders liquidation of all Polish ghettos.
August 2
Revolt at Treblinka death camp.
August 16
Revolt in Bialystok Ghetto.
September 23
Vilna Ghetto liquidated.
October 14
Armed revolt in Sobibor Extermination camp.
October 20
United Nations War Crimes Committee is established.
March 19
Germany occupies Hungary.
May 15
Nazis begin deporting Hungarian Jews. By June 27, 380,000 sent to
Auschwitz.
June 4
Allies liberate Rome.
June 6
D-Day Normandy Invasion: Allies begin liberation of Western
Europe.
July 20
Group of German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler
July 24
Soviet troops liberate Maidanek extermination camp.
October 23
Paris liberated.
November 7
Revolt at Auschwitz; one crematorium is destroyed.
November 8
40,000 Jews forced to participate in the Budapest to Austria
death march.
November 24
Himmler orders destruction of Auschwitz crematorium to hide
evidence of Nazi death camps.
January 17
Soviet troops liberate Warsaw. Auschwitz evacuated; inmate death
march begins.
January 25
Stutthof concentration camp evacuated; death march of inmates
begins.
February 4
Yalta Conference
March 5
American troops cross Rhine River.
April 15
British troops liberate Bergen-Belsen death camp.
April 25
American and Soviet troops meet at the Elbe River.
April 30
Hitler commits suicide.
May 7
V-E Day Germany surrenders unconditionally
August 6
Bombing of Hiroshima.
August 9
Bombing of Nagasaki.
August 15
Japan surrenders unconditionally
September 2
V-J Day.
November 22
Nuremburg War Crimes Tribunal commences.
October 1
Nuremburg Trials conclude with a judgement in which twelve
defendants were sentenced to death, three to life imprisonment, four
to various prison terms, and three acquitted.
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