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Develop
an understanding the importance of resistance in the face of oppression.
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Develop
an understanding of discrimination and exclusion.
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Recognition
of the many young people who bravely resisted the Nazis and who risked
their own lives to rescue others.
Teaching
Strategy:
Edelweiss
Pirates and Annaliese
- Present and discuss
the enormous pressures imposed on German young people to conform to
Nazi doctrine.
- Discuss the issue
of bullying and why it was so common in Nazi Youth groups for conformity.
- Discuss the differences
in Nazi attitudes towards girls and boys and the pressures on young
German girls to conform.
- Discuss how the
Nazis violated the rights of their own people with their policies.
- Discuss how racial
propaganda was used to perpetuate the idea of "Aryan" superiority.
- Discuss what life
was like in hiding with no adults to provide food or shelter?
- Discuss the importance
of personal identity in survival. How did these young people maintain
their Jewish identity?
- Discuss the realities
of hiding and the importance of being part of a group.
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Discuss
how the Nazis used the men of the occupied countries as laborers in
Germany and other occupied lands.
- Discuss how Jacob's
determination in a hostile environment helped him to survive.
Jacques Lusseyran
and Jean:
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Discuss
the difficulties of organizing effective resistance in France in World
War II.
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Present
information about French collaboration with the Nazis.
- Present and discuss
what the Nazi occupation meant for the people in Paris.
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Present
background information.
Nazi racial
and genetic theories made outcasts of young people with disabilities.
Thousands were murdered by starvation, poisoning and gassing in Germany's
psychiatric hospitals and institutions in which many people with disabilities
were forced to live. Use your judgement in describing the euthanasia
program.
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Discuss attitudes towards people with disabilities and how exclusion
and discrimination isolates people with disabilities.
Yojo
- Discuss the reasons
why Gypsies were persecuted by the Nazis.
- Explore the role
of Gypsies in the Resistance movement.
- Explore the reasons
why so little attention is being given to the persecution of the Gypsies
by the Nazis.
Maria
- Explore the importance
of the Greek Resistance.
- Discuss the status
of women in Greek society.
- Explore Nazi
attitudes towards the Greek people.
- Explore the role
of young people in the Greek resistance.
Kirsten
- Explore how the
rescue of the Jews helps to mobilize the Danish resistance.
- Explore the reasons
for the determination of the Danish people to rescue the Jewish population.
- Discuss the role
of the Danish church and government leaders in the rescue of Jewish
people.
Questions for Discussion:
- Why was it so
difficult to organize resistance during the Nazi occupation?
- Why were bullies
so dominant in Nazi Youth groups?
- Why did the French
government collaborate with the Nazis?
- Why do you think
everyone knew about the American pilot in the small French farming village?
- Why were the families
of children and young people with disabilities so powerless during the
Nazi era in Germany?
- Do you think
attitudes have changed towards people with disabilities?
- What is the importance of learning about rescuers and resistors?
- Are these stories
relevant to changing attitudes about people with disabilities?
- Why is so little
known about resistance groups in Germany?.
Terms
"Euthanasia",
defined as "Mercy killing"..It was the euphemism for the mass
murder of thousands of people with disabilities in Nazi Germany.
Thinking
skills
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Comprehension
of the nature of discrimination based on race, religion or physical
or mental disability or difference.
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Understanding
of the plight of resistors in Germany and countries occupied by the
Nazis.
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Understanding
the risks of joining organized resistance groups.
Dornblaser,
Irene L. Land That I Love: The Escape of a Nazi Youth. Columbus,
Ohio, Warthurg Press, 194
Hoffman, Peter, The History of the German Resistance. Cambridge
MA: Harvard University Press.1988.
Lusseyran, Jacques, And There was Light: Autobiography of Jacques Lusseyran,
Blind hero of the French Resistance.
New York, Little Brown and Co. 1963.
Perrault,G. and Azema, P. Paris Under the Occupation. New York
City:The Vendome Press, 1989
Peukert, D. (1987) Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition and
Racism in Everyday Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Rings, W. Life With The Enemy: Collaboration and Resistance in Hitler's
Europe 1939-1945, 1982. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company,
1092
Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey, Isabel Fonseca. Vintage
Books, Division of Random House, NY, 1995.
Gypsies of the World: A Journey into the Hidden World of Gypsy Life
and Culture, Neboojsa Bato Tomasevic and Raijko Djuric, NY Henry Holt.
1988
Crossing, Jan Yoors, NY Simon and Shuster, 1971
Gypsies An Illustrated History, Jean Pierre Ligeois, Al Saqi Books,
London, England, 1986
Harrington, Lyn, Greece & The Greeks, Thomas Nelson, New York,
1962
Hart, Janet, New
Voices in the Nation: Women and the Greek Resistacne, 1941-1964. Cornell
University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1996
Darkness Over Denmark:
The Danish Resistance and the Rescue of Jews, by Ellen Levine, Holiday
House, New York, 2000
The Rescue of the
Danish Jews: Moral Courage Under Stress, Leo Goldberger,(Ed.) NY:
NYU Press.1987
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